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特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成する

これは、特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成する方法に関する簡単なチュートリアルです。 OpenVPNサーバーは、クライアントがホスト名の解決に特定のDNSサーバーを使用できるように構成できます。

以前のチュートリアルでは、OpenVPNサーバーをインストールして構成する方法について説明しました。

Adobe 11 /Debian10にOpenVPNサーバーをインストールする

特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成する

特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成するには;

名前解決のために特定のDNSサーバーをプッシュする方法はさまざまです。

  • OpenVPNサーバーからクライアントにDNSアドレスをプッシュする
  • OpenVPNクライアント構成でDNSアドレスを定義する

OpenVPNサーバーからクライアントにDNSアドレスをプッシュする

DNSアドレスをクライアントにプッシュするようにOpenVPNサーバーを構成するには、OpenVPNサーバー構成ファイルを編集し、次の行を追加します; 

push "dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X"

ここで、X.X.X.X DNSサーバーのIPアドレスです。

複数のDNSサーバーエントリを追加できます;

push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"

DNSドメイン部分を指定するには;

push "dhcp-option DOMAIN DOMAIN-NAME"

例;

push "dhcp-option DOMAIN kifarunix-demo.com"

これが私のOpenVPNサーバー構成ファイルのサンプルです;

cat /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca ca.crt
cert issued/server.crt
key private/server.key  # This file should be kept secret
dh dh.pem
topology subnet
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist /var/log/openvpn/ipp.txt
push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"
push "dhcp-option DOMAIN kifarunix-demo.com"
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret
cipher AES-256-CBC
data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo no
persist-key
persist-tun
status /var/log/openvpn/openvpn-status.log
log-append  /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log
verb 3
explicit-exit-notify 1
auth SHA512

DNSサーバーを再起動します;

systemctl restart [email protected]

OpenVPNクライアント構成でDNSアドレスを定義する

上記の構成を実施するためのOpenVPNサーバーへのアクセス権がない場合は、OpenVPNクライアント構成ファイルを編集して行を追加できます。

dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X
dhcp-option DNS DNS-IP-1
dhcp-option DNS DNS-IP-2
push "dhcp-option DOMAIN DOMAIN-NAME"

これがOpenVPNクライアントのサンプルです;

cat client-1.ovpn
client
tls-client
pull
dev tun
proto udp4
remote 192.168.58.22 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
#user nobody
#group nogroup
persist-key
persist-tun
key-direction 1
remote-cert-tls server
auth-nocache
comp-lzo
verb 3
auth SHA512
cipher AES-256-CBC
data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo no

#
# 2048 bit OpenVPN static key
#
-----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1-----
ec31b288a9a3865c4b5f3583b481ff5c
434e957be6569ed573a58a102ce53efc
b9528f15f5412046c5a603e6916b565b
fe2c6a0f955dcec2d3f7e6cec7e373bb
dff40b041f1488d4177c3de04bdff43b
e361eff6328c499621e0846ec72565ef
734fc02e51540d1c5c19102156a080f7
fde124822bf6fc802dff9facf24998de
6f91f081dafcdd28f4bca9223afe694d
12d57beb6aed96753d651a2ca4722214
5fa87829b9f53f2ccb89d9f15112c9cd
3594ead75bc1df737b50188c2829d724
3aff136577b3c79e6f863112aadf5aeb
8b6d53c607874c71104acfa22e587bd3
22b14a2c0a91e15569d99d5e35a52a8b
0aa4f24ccf10d8757dfd75da14fd21ac
-----END OpenVPN Static key V1-----


-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            a8:92:f9:c5:d7:40:22:75:38:b8:b6:b6:1e:b1:8c:2c
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: CN=Easy-RSA CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  5 17:20:19 2021 GMT
            Not After : Feb  8 17:20:19 2024 GMT
        Subject: CN=koromicha
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                RSA Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:d1:f5:5f:c8:1e:6c:c5:35:fe:9a:68:d1:91:2d:
                    cb:11:b3:08:ed:47:3a:b8:32:74:df:f1:b7:78:be:
                    25:fc:95:73:be:6b:de:c8:89:1d:39:5e:72:4d:ea:
                    a3:13:2a:c9:29:44:2e:17:fc:48:d9:6c:8b:2f:ca:
                    a4:e5:90:43:a9:8b:a2:7a:bb:b5:c8:7a:6a:fe:9d:
                    4b:aa:67:78:e8:3f:53:9e:9d:b3:25:77:a1:22:f3:
                    b1:f0:82:97:9e:f5:14:b2:93:de:c5:20:84:05:54:
                    d5:70:ad:d5:4f:41:04:a6:56:04:08:e9:45:ea:eb:
                    c2:00:da:ee:1b:b4:30:74:c5:9e:76:6d:49:0c:8c:
                    7e:45:8a:e5:93:1a:d0:f6:70:1a:73:df:b2:eb:68:
                    2d:7a:1e:68:00:9e:b1:1f:1d:14:75:1b:89:56:b2:
                    e8:8e:84:e6:ea:39:50:93:0d:0e:30:6d:fc:97:3e:
                    6a:66:c3:cc:f3:93:12:5c:38:b4:62:ef:58:7f:a7:
                    70:05:2c:2d:f0:54:5e:7e:7a:98:ea:af:8d:6d:2e:
                    9c:47:80:1f:26:67:b4:2d:44:11:2f:6d:a5:9a:96:
                    7f:b5:ae:f8:48:61:ca:5c:f8:d5:1b:44:40:8b:fc:
                    97:01:5e:15:24:28:c6:24:81:39:d4:e0:3d:1f:81:
                    9a:11
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                B1:97:65:D8:90:01:7E:57:CA:11:73:4D:E2:E3:83:6F:71:B9:1B:6E
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:BC:C7:C4:DA:A5:D4:D8:86:70:E1:CE:57:FA:2E:3C:70:68:E2:D7:FA
                DirName:/CN=Easy-RSA CA
                serial:5B:93:61:A0:7B:9B:A5:D0:76:40:4D:48:75:3A:82:65:E0:F8:08:AE

            X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 
                TLS Web Client Authentication
            X509v3 Key Usage: 
                Digital Signature
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         57:ae:78:40:08:84:4f:4a:ec:53:b3:85:96:e8:c9:25:2b:3f:
         37:16:37:53:e4:7b:eb:c5:0b:29:36:75:44:75:cc:47:a2:b1:
         3a:fa:a1:07:88:89:99:b4:6e:21:82:1a:8e:42:1d:6c:b9:b5:
         e2:21:85:55:a8:34:9e:80:52:27:81:c2:f7:af:e7:94:27:bf:
         cb:7c:a2:cf:39:90:95:95:29:75:a1:c7:9c:68:5b:5e:5c:aa:
         81:3d:c7:8a:79:54:9c:bc:9c:73:a2:76:02:56:42:56:4f:82:
         80:23:0e:a3:8d:2f:86:0e:3e:08:7d:a8:b6:55:e7:2a:8f:6b:
         4a:68:99:93:44:57:02:19:11:7d:cc:cf:05:a6:ce:4a:a0:41:
         df:a1:88:8e:b3:0d:f3:67:cf:f9:82:27:41:bc:3b:4e:fb:7f:
         60:e5:43:bb:7f:61:63:71:89:cf:55:fc:ce:82:bb:8c:2a:11:
         9b:e7:e0:97:e3:ba:e0:cd:b0:12:35:56:41:58:62:0d:63:58:
         ec:55:50:2b:82:5a:b5:4f:42:23:c7:e8:e6:8a:91:10:8b:a2:
         40:47:85:ed:98:7f:e5:df:96:06:30:6b:ec:6f:9c:2d:5a:5a:
         0a:71:fb:e2:1d:3e:f6:35:cd:ec:19:9b:67:c2:44:e3:b7:b6:
         9f:81:51:c5
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成する

したがって、DNSサーバーアドレスを定義するために上記で使用した方法に応じて、次のように特定のDNSサーバーを使用するようにOpenVPNクライアントを構成することができます。

このチュートリアルでは、デモ用のOpenVPNクライアントとしてLinuxシステム、具体的にはDebian 11 / RockyLinux8を使用しています。

Ubuntu / Debianシステムの場合：

openresolをインストールします package.Ubuntu/Debianシステムの場合;

apt install openresolv

次に、OpenVPNクライアント構成ファイルを編集し、以下の行を追加します; 

script-security 2
up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

更新されたOpenVPNクライアント構成ファイルのサンプルを参照してください;

cat client-1.ovpn
client
tls-client
pull
dev tun
proto udp4
remote 192.168.58.22 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
key-direction 1
remote-cert-tls server
auth-nocache
comp-lzo
verb 3
auth SHA512
cipher AES-256-CBC
data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo no
script-security 2
up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

-----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1-----
ec31b288a9a3865c4b5f3583b481ff5c
434e957be6569ed573a58a102ce53efc
b9528f15f5412046c5a603e6916b565b
fe2c6a0f955dcec2d3f7e6cec7e373bb
dff40b041f1488d4177c3de04bdff43b
e361eff6328c499621e0846ec72565ef
734fc02e51540d1c5c19102156a080f7
fde124822bf6fc802dff9facf24998de
6f91f081dafcdd28f4bca9223afe694d
12d57beb6aed96753d651a2ca4722214
5fa87829b9f53f2ccb89d9f15112c9cd
3594ead75bc1df737b50188c2829d724
3aff136577b3c79e6f863112aadf5aeb
8b6d53c607874c71104acfa22e587bd3
22b14a2c0a91e15569d99d5e35a52a8b
0aa4f24ccf10d8757dfd75da14fd21ac
-----END OpenVPN Static key V1-----


-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            a8:92:f9:c5:d7:40:22:75:38:b8:b6:b6:1e:b1:8c:2c
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: CN=Easy-RSA CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  5 17:20:19 2021 GMT
            Not After : Feb  8 17:20:19 2024 GMT
        Subject: CN=koromicha
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                RSA Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:d1:f5:5f:c8:1e:6c:c5:35:fe:9a:68:d1:91:2d:
                    cb:11:b3:08:ed:47:3a:b8:32:74:df:f1:b7:78:be:
                    25:fc:95:73:be:6b:de:c8:89:1d:39:5e:72:4d:ea:
                    a3:13:2a:c9:29:44:2e:17:fc:48:d9:6c:8b:2f:ca:
                    a4:e5:90:43:a9:8b:a2:7a:bb:b5:c8:7a:6a:fe:9d:
                    4b:aa:67:78:e8:3f:53:9e:9d:b3:25:77:a1:22:f3:
                    b1:f0:82:97:9e:f5:14:b2:93:de:c5:20:84:05:54:
                    d5:70:ad:d5:4f:41:04:a6:56:04:08:e9:45:ea:eb:
                    c2:00:da:ee:1b:b4:30:74:c5:9e:76:6d:49:0c:8c:
                    7e:45:8a:e5:93:1a:d0:f6:70:1a:73:df:b2:eb:68:
                    2d:7a:1e:68:00:9e:b1:1f:1d:14:75:1b:89:56:b2:
                    e8:8e:84:e6:ea:39:50:93:0d:0e:30:6d:fc:97:3e:
                    6a:66:c3:cc:f3:93:12:5c:38:b4:62:ef:58:7f:a7:
                    70:05:2c:2d:f0:54:5e:7e:7a:98:ea:af:8d:6d:2e:
                    9c:47:80:1f:26:67:b4:2d:44:11:2f:6d:a5:9a:96:
                    7f:b5:ae:f8:48:61:ca:5c:f8:d5:1b:44:40:8b:fc:
                    97:01:5e:15:24:28:c6:24:81:39:d4:e0:3d:1f:81:
                    9a:11
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                B1:97:65:D8:90:01:7E:57:CA:11:73:4D:E2:E3:83:6F:71:B9:1B:6E
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:BC:C7:C4:DA:A5:D4:D8:86:70:E1:CE:57:FA:2E:3C:70:68:E2:D7:FA
                DirName:/CN=Easy-RSA CA
                serial:5B:93:61:A0:7B:9B:A5:D0:76:40:4D:48:75:3A:82:65:E0:F8:08:AE

            X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 
                TLS Web Client Authentication
            X509v3 Key Usage: 
                Digital Signature
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         57:ae:78:40:08:84:4f:4a:ec:53:b3:85:96:e8:c9:25:2b:3f:
         37:16:37:53:e4:7b:eb:c5:0b:29:36:75:44:75:cc:47:a2:b1:
         3a:fa:a1:07:88:89:99:b4:6e:21:82:1a:8e:42:1d:6c:b9:b5:
         e2:21:85:55:a8:34:9e:80:52:27:81:c2:f7:af:e7:94:27:bf:
         cb:7c:a2:cf:39:90:95:95:29:75:a1:c7:9c:68:5b:5e:5c:aa:
         81:3d:c7:8a:79:54:9c:bc:9c:73:a2:76:02:56:42:56:4f:82:
         80:23:0e:a3:8d:2f:86:0e:3e:08:7d:a8:b6:55:e7:2a:8f:6b:
         4a:68:99:93:44:57:02:19:11:7d:cc:cf:05:a6:ce:4a:a0:41:
         df:a1:88:8e:b3:0d:f3:67:cf:f9:82:27:41:bc:3b:4e:fb:7f:
         60:e5:43:bb:7f:61:63:71:89:cf:55:fc:ce:82:bb:8c:2a:11:
         9b:e7:e0:97:e3:ba:e0:cd:b0:12:35:56:41:58:62:0d:63:58:
         ec:55:50:2b:82:5a:b5:4f:42:23:c7:e8:e6:8a:91:10:8b:a2:
         40:47:85:ed:98:7f:e5:df:96:06:30:6b:ec:6f:9c:2d:5a:5a:
         0a:71:fb:e2:1d:3e:f6:35:cd:ec:19:9b:67:c2:44:e3:b7:b6:
         9f:81:51:c5
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

クライアントをVPNに接続します;

openvpn client-1.ovpn
2021-11-08 14:25:09 WARNING: Compression for receiving enabled. Compression has been used in the past to break encryption. Sent packets are not compressed unless "allow-compression yes" is also set.
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OpenVPN 2.5.1 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on May 14 2021
2021-11-08 14:25:09 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1k  25 Mar 2021, LZO 2.10
2021-11-08 14:25:09 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
2021-11-08 14:25:09 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->212992] S=[212992->212992]
2021-11-08 14:25:09 UDPv4 link local: (not bound)
2021-11-08 14:25:09 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
2021-11-08 14:25:09 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194, sid=0a6596f7 2db76aa3
2021-11-08 14:25:09 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=Easy-RSA CA
2021-11-08 14:25:09 VERIFY KU OK
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Validating certificate extended key usage
2021-11-08 14:25:09 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
2021-11-08 14:25:09 VERIFY EKU OK
2021-11-08 14:25:09 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=server
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, 2048 bit RSA
2021-11-08 14:25:09 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
2021-11-08 14:25:09 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DOMAIN kifarunix-demo.com,route-gateway 10.8.0.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 0,cipher AES-256-CBC'
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1625
2021-11-08 14:25:09 OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Outgoing Data Channel: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
2021-11-08 14:25:09 Incoming Data Channel: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
2021-11-08 14:25:09 net_route_v4_best_gw query: dst 0.0.0.0
2021-11-08 14:25:09 net_route_v4_best_gw result: via 10.0.2.2 dev enp0s3
2021-11-08 14:25:09 ROUTE_GATEWAY 10.0.2.2/255.255.255.0 IFACE=enp0s3 HWADDR=08:00:27:36:23:40
2021-11-08 14:25:09 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
2021-11-08 14:25:09 net_iface_mtu_set: mtu 1500 for tun0
2021-11-08 14:25:09 net_iface_up: set tun0 up
2021-11-08 14:25:09 net_addr_v4_add: 10.8.0.2/24 dev tun0
2021-11-08 14:25:09 /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf tun0 1500 1625 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 init
dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22
dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8
dhcp-option DOMAIN kifarunix-demo.com
2021-11-08 14:25:10 net_route_v4_add: 192.168.58.22/32 via 10.0.2.2 dev [NULL] table 0 metric -1
2021-11-08 14:25:10 net_route_v4_add: 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1 dev [NULL] table 0 metric -1
2021-11-08 14:25:10 net_route_v4_add: 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1 dev [NULL] table 0 metric -1
2021-11-08 14:25:10 Initialization Sequence Completed

これにより、/etc/resolv.conf カスタムDNSエントリを含むファイル;

cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by resolvconf
search kifarunix-demo.com
nameserver 192.168.58.22
nameserver 8.8.8.8

私の内部DNS解決;

dig debian11.kifarunix-demo.com +short
192.168.59.14

DNSガイドを参照してください。

Debian11でWebminを使用してBINDDNSサーバーを構成する

CentOS / RHEL / Rocky Linuxの場合：

update-systemd-resolved 

git clone https://github.com/jonathanio/update-systemd-resolved.git
cd update-systemd-resolved
make

サンプル出力;

update-systemd-resolvedを/etc/ openvpn / scripts / update-systemd-resolvedに正常にインストールしました。/etc/nsswitch.confを更新する良い機会です。＃最初にsystemd-resolvedを使用してから、/etc/にフォールバックします。 resolv.confhosts：files resolve dns myhostname＃最初に/etc/resolv.confを使用してから、systemd-resolvedhostsにフォールバックします：files dns resolve myhostnameまた、OpenVPN構成を更新する必要があります：setenv PATH / usr / local / sbin：/ usr / local / bin：/ usr / sbin：/ usr / bin：/ sbin：/ binscript-security 2up / etc / openvpn / scripts / update-systemd-resolvedup-restartdown / etc / openvpn / scripts / update-systemd-resolveddown-preor pass –config /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved.confに加えて、openvpnコマンドに対する他の–config引数。

次に、systemd-resolved.serviceを有効にします 。

systemctl enable --now systemd-resolved.service

更新 /etc/nsswitch.conf resolveを介してDNSを検索するファイル （systemd-resolved.service）サービス。 （最初に/etc/resolv.confを使用してから、systemd-resolvedにフォールバックします）

sed -i '/hosts:/s/dns/dns resolve/' /etc/nsswitch.conf

次に、クライアント構成ファイルを更新して、次の行を含めます。

setenv PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
script-security 2
up /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved
up-restart
down /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved
down-pre

そして、これは私のサンプル構成がどのように見えるかです; 

cat client-1.ovpn
client
tls-client
pull
dev tun
proto udp4
remote 192.168.58.22 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
key-direction 1
remote-cert-tls server
auth-nocache
comp-lzo
verb 3
auth SHA512
cipher AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo no
setenv PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
script-security 2
up /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved
up-restart
down /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved
down-pre

#
# 2048 bit OpenVPN static key
#
-----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1-----
ec31b288a9a3865c4b5f3583b481ff5c
434e957be6569ed573a58a102ce53efc
b9528f15f5412046c5a603e6916b565b
fe2c6a0f955dcec2d3f7e6cec7e373bb
dff40b041f1488d4177c3de04bdff43b
e361eff6328c499621e0846ec72565ef
734fc02e51540d1c5c19102156a080f7
fde124822bf6fc802dff9facf24998de
6f91f081dafcdd28f4bca9223afe694d
12d57beb6aed96753d651a2ca4722214
5fa87829b9f53f2ccb89d9f15112c9cd
3594ead75bc1df737b50188c2829d724
3aff136577b3c79e6f863112aadf5aeb
8b6d53c607874c71104acfa22e587bd3
22b14a2c0a91e15569d99d5e35a52a8b
0aa4f24ccf10d8757dfd75da14fd21ac
-----END OpenVPN Static key V1-----


-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            a8:92:f9:c5:d7:40:22:75:38:b8:b6:b6:1e:b1:8c:2c
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: CN=Easy-RSA CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  5 17:20:19 2021 GMT
            Not After : Feb  8 17:20:19 2024 GMT
        Subject: CN=koromicha
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                RSA Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:d1:f5:5f:c8:1e:6c:c5:35:fe:9a:68:d1:91:2d:
                    cb:11:b3:08:ed:47:3a:b8:32:74:df:f1:b7:78:be:
                    25:fc:95:73:be:6b:de:c8:89:1d:39:5e:72:4d:ea:
                    a3:13:2a:c9:29:44:2e:17:fc:48:d9:6c:8b:2f:ca:
                    a4:e5:90:43:a9:8b:a2:7a:bb:b5:c8:7a:6a:fe:9d:
                    4b:aa:67:78:e8:3f:53:9e:9d:b3:25:77:a1:22:f3:
                    b1:f0:82:97:9e:f5:14:b2:93:de:c5:20:84:05:54:
                    d5:70:ad:d5:4f:41:04:a6:56:04:08:e9:45:ea:eb:
                    c2:00:da:ee:1b:b4:30:74:c5:9e:76:6d:49:0c:8c:
                    7e:45:8a:e5:93:1a:d0:f6:70:1a:73:df:b2:eb:68:
                    2d:7a:1e:68:00:9e:b1:1f:1d:14:75:1b:89:56:b2:
                    e8:8e:84:e6:ea:39:50:93:0d:0e:30:6d:fc:97:3e:
                    6a:66:c3:cc:f3:93:12:5c:38:b4:62:ef:58:7f:a7:
                    70:05:2c:2d:f0:54:5e:7e:7a:98:ea:af:8d:6d:2e:
                    9c:47:80:1f:26:67:b4:2d:44:11:2f:6d:a5:9a:96:
                    7f:b5:ae:f8:48:61:ca:5c:f8:d5:1b:44:40:8b:fc:
                    97:01:5e:15:24:28:c6:24:81:39:d4:e0:3d:1f:81:
                    9a:11
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                B1:97:65:D8:90:01:7E:57:CA:11:73:4D:E2:E3:83:6F:71:B9:1B:6E
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:BC:C7:C4:DA:A5:D4:D8:86:70:E1:CE:57:FA:2E:3C:70:68:E2:D7:FA
                DirName:/CN=Easy-RSA CA
                serial:5B:93:61:A0:7B:9B:A5:D0:76:40:4D:48:75:3A:82:65:E0:F8:08:AE

            X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 
                TLS Web Client Authentication
            X509v3 Key Usage: 
                Digital Signature
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         57:ae:78:40:08:84:4f:4a:ec:53:b3:85:96:e8:c9:25:2b:3f:
         37:16:37:53:e4:7b:eb:c5:0b:29:36:75:44:75:cc:47:a2:b1:
         3a:fa:a1:07:88:89:99:b4:6e:21:82:1a:8e:42:1d:6c:b9:b5:
         e2:21:85:55:a8:34:9e:80:52:27:81:c2:f7:af:e7:94:27:bf:
         cb:7c:a2:cf:39:90:95:95:29:75:a1:c7:9c:68:5b:5e:5c:aa:
         81:3d:c7:8a:79:54:9c:bc:9c:73:a2:76:02:56:42:56:4f:82:
         80:23:0e:a3:8d:2f:86:0e:3e:08:7d:a8:b6:55:e7:2a:8f:6b:
         4a:68:99:93:44:57:02:19:11:7d:cc:cf:05:a6:ce:4a:a0:41:
         df:a1:88:8e:b3:0d:f3:67:cf:f9:82:27:41:bc:3b:4e:fb:7f:
         60:e5:43:bb:7f:61:63:71:89:cf:55:fc:ce:82:bb:8c:2a:11:
         9b:e7:e0:97:e3:ba:e0:cd:b0:12:35:56:41:58:62:0d:63:58:
         ec:55:50:2b:82:5a:b5:4f:42:23:c7:e8:e6:8a:91:10:8b:a2:
         40:47:85:ed:98:7f:e5:df:96:06:30:6b:ec:6f:9c:2d:5a:5a:
         0a:71:fb:e2:1d:3e:f6:35:cd:ec:19:9b:67:c2:44:e3:b7:b6:
         9f:81:51:c5
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----


-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

Connecting to the VPN;

openvpn client-1.ovpn
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 OpenVPN 2.4.11 x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on Apr 21 2021
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS  21 Apr 2020, LZO 2.08
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->212992] S=[212992->212992]
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 UDPv4 link local: (not bound)
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194, sid=f89234f0 4a96fc1e
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=Easy-RSA CA
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 VERIFY KU OK
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 Validating certificate extended key usage
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 VERIFY EKU OK
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=server
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, 2048 bit RSA
Tue Nov  9 00:02:52 2021 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.58.22:1194
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DOMAIN kifarunix-demo.com,route-gateway 10.8.0.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 0,cipher AES-256-CBC'
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1625
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 Outgoing Data Channel: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 Incoming Data Channel: Using 512 bit message hash 'SHA512' for HMAC authentication
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 ROUTE_GATEWAY 10.0.2.2/255.255.255.0 IFACE=enp0s3 HWADDR=08:00:27:3e:fe:0e
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 10.8.0.2/24 broadcast 10.8.0.255
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /etc/openvpn/scripts/update-systemd-resolved tun0 1500 1605 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 init
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: Link 'tun0' coming up
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: Adding IPv4 DNS Server 192.168.58.22
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: Adding IPv4 DNS Server 8.8.8.8
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: Adding DNS Domain kifarunix-demo.com
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: SetLinkDNS(22 2 2 4 192 168 58 22 2 4 8 8 8 8)
<14>Nov  9 00:02:53 update-systemd-resolved: SetLinkDomains(22 1 kifarunix-demo.com false)
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /sbin/ip route add 192.168.58.22/32 via 10.0.2.2
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /sbin/ip route add 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 /sbin/ip route add 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1
Tue Nov  9 00:02:53 2021 Initialization Sequence Completed

Your local DNS should now be working when connected to VPN.

Read more about DNS leakage.

And that is how you can configure OpenVPN clients to use specific DNS Server.

Other Tutorials

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  3. LinuxでOpenVPNサーバーをインストールおよび構成する最も簡単な方法

  1. OpenVPNアクセスサーバーをインストールして構成する方法

  2. CentOS7でDNSサーバーをバインドするためのRNDCキーを構成する

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